Tooth sensitivity is a common issue in the oral cavity. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), one in three adults experiences this discomfort. The primary symptom is a sharp pain that typically occurs when consuming cold food or drinks—such as ice cream or juices. In addition to cold, pain can also be triggered by heat, sugary foods, or mechanical stimuli like touch or brushing.

Importantly, these are not fractured teeth or teeth affected by cavities, but seemingly healthy teeth.

What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?

The underlying cause of this pain is often:

• Worn enamel (the outer protective layer of the tooth)
• Exposed tooth roots due to gum recession

Enamel loss leaves the deeper layers of the tooth—particularly dentin—vulnerable. Unlike enamel, dentin contains microscopic tubules that connect to the nerve endings. These nerve endings react to cold, heat, or sweetness from food and drinks.

Enamel erosion can result from:

• Aggressive brushing or improper technique
• Teeth grinding (bruxism)
• Malocclusion (improper contact with other teeth)
• Frequent consumption of acidic or carbonated beverages

Root exposure, on the other hand, is typically caused by poor oral hygiene that leads to periodontal disease—in fact, root exposure is one of its early signs.

Treatment at the Dental Office

To manage sensitivity, the dentist will first address existing enamel damage. Common treatments include:

• Tooth-colored fillings to replace lost enamel, typically around the neck of the tooth
• Fluoride gels to strengthen enamel and seal exposed dentin tubules
• In severe cases:
  • Gum grafting surgery to cover exposed roots
  • Devitalization (removal of the tooth nerve) as a last resort

What You Can Do at Home

• Use gentle brushing technique without excessive pressure
• Opt for toothpaste for sensitive teeth (we recommend Sensodyne-FC)
• Use a high-quality toothbrush with soft bristles (our pick: Curaprox®)
• Limit intake of acidic foods and carbonated drinks